Before new nuclear power plants receive approval for their initial operating licenses, many factors are taken into consideration, including population density around the plant and the assurance that evacuation plans can be effectively implemented in the case of a radiological emergency.

Yet, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) does not examine these factors when deciding whether to renew a license for twenty years. This is of particular concern for the Indian Point nuclear power plant, given the high population increase since the plant was first sited in the 1950s. The NRC also does not take into consideration the risk or potential consequences of a terrorist attack on Indian Point.